{"metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Ekonomia"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"en":["2017"],"pl":["2017"],"universal":["2017"]}},{"label":{"en":["Volume"],"pl":["Tom/Rocznik"]},"value":{"en":["23"],"pl":["23"],"universal":["23"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier Type"],"pl":["Typ identyfikatora"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN-L"],"pl":["ISSN-L"],"universal":["ISSN-L"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier"],"pl":["Powiązany identyfikator"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN-L: 2084-4093"],"pl":["ISSN-L: 2084-4093"],"universal":["ISSN-L: 2084-4093"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date copyrighted"],"pl":["Data zastrzeżenia praw autorskich"]},"value":{"en":["2017"],"pl":["2017"],"universal":["2017"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["The 1993 reform was the most important change, ordering many elements of Colombian retirement. Today, the Colombian pension system is characterized by parallel (pay-as-you-go and funded) schemes, which creates inefficiencies in administration because of its complexity and consequently increases systemic costs. A system that is formally defined as a two-pillar system is actually a three-pillar solution, based on the principle of competition between the components. Linking a minimum pension with a minimum wage is a significant source of ineffectiveness of the adopted solution. In international comparisons, there is also a lack of thinking about the potential equalization of the retirement age for women and men. Changes in recent years, especially the introduction of BEPS, Colombia Mayor and family pensions, are substantiated. Still, there is a lack of effective instruments in Colombia that radically increase the coverage of the pension system. In the paper the hypothesis that in a country with a large share of the shadow economy in the creation of GDP there are difficulties in increasing participation in the pension system, was confirmed"]}},{"label":{"en":["Autor opisu"],"pl":["Autor opisu"]},"value":{"en":["WR U/PAdjm"],"pl":["WR U/PAdjm"],"universal":["WR U/PAdjm"]}},{"label":{"en":["Alternative title"],"pl":["Tytuł odmienny"]},"value":{"pl":["Ekonomia"]}},{"label":{"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{"pl":["Dybał, Mariusz : Redaktor"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Making materials available on the basis of the agreement with the owner of the property copyrights"],"pl":["Udostępnianie na podstawie umowy z właścicielem majątkowych praw autorskich"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["The use of this material is allowed only with accordance of applicable rules of fair use or other exceptions provided by law, and any broader use requires the permission of the authorized entity"],"pl":["Korzystanie z tego materiału jest możliwe zgodnie z właściwymi przepisami o dozwolonym użytku lub innych wyjątkach przewidzianych w przepisach prawa, a korzystanie w szerszym zakresie wymaga uzyskania zgody uprawnionego"]}},{"label":{"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract Language "],"pl":["Język streszczenia"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Location of original object"],"pl":["Lokalizacja oryginału"]},"value":{"pl":["Biblioteka Wydziału Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii"]}},{"label":{"en":["Place of publishing"],"pl":["Miejsce wydania"]},"value":{"en":["Wrocław"],"pl":["Wrocław"],"universal":["Wrocław"]}},{"label":{"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["text"],"pl":["tekst"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Dybał, Mariusz"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"pl":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"universal":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"],"pl":["Powiązanie"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"en":["pol"],"pl":["pol"],"universal":["pol"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"],"pl":["Identyfikator"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Title"],"pl":["Tytuł"]},"value":{"pl":["System emerytalny w kraju karteli - przypadek Kolumbii"]}},{"label":{"en":["LastPage"],"pl":["Ostatnia strona"]},"value":{"en":["90"],"pl":["90"],"universal":["90"]}},{"label":{"en":["First Page"],"pl":["Pierwsza strona"]},"value":{"en":["73"],"pl":["73"],"universal":["73"]}},{"label":{"en":["Issue"],"pl":["Numer"]},"value":{"en":["3"],"pl":["3"],"universal":["3"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"en":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"pl":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"universal":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"]}},{"label":{"en":[" Is version of"],"pl":["Jest wersją"]},"value":{"en":["https://czasopisma.uwr.edu.pl/ekon/article/view/8450"],"pl":["https://czasopisma.uwr.edu.pl/ekon/article/view/8450"],"universal":["https://czasopisma.uwr.edu.pl/ekon/article/view/8450"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject and Keywords"],"pl":["Temat i słowa kluczowe"]},"value":{"en":["retirement","pension systems","Colombia"],"pl":["emerytury","systemy emerytalne","Kolumbia"]}},{"label":{"en":["Creator"],"pl":["Twórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Poteraj, Jarosław"]}},{"label":{"en":["Has version"],"pl":["Ma wersję"]},"value":{"en":["https://czasopisma.uwr.edu.pl/ekon"],"pl":["https://czasopisma.uwr.edu.pl/ekon"],"universal":["https://czasopisma.uwr.edu.pl/ekon"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"pl":["System emerytalny w kraju karteli - 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