{"metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["Attribution"],"pl":["Uznanie autorstwa"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Creative Commons - Attribution (CC BY 4.0)","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en"],"pl":["Creative Commons - Uznanie autorstwa (CC BY 4.0)","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.pl"]}},{"label":{"en":["Alternative title"],"pl":["Tytuł odmienny"]},"value":{"en":["A Bear or a Beast? Notes on Beorn and Shape-Changing"]}},{"label":{"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Autor opisu"],"pl":["Autor opisu"]},"value":{"pl":["SZ"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["Beorn\u2019s origins are not fully known. The problem might be caused by the fact that history unfolds in a manner typical of oral culture. References to the creative (not: re-creative) aspect of the story are also significant for the oral tradition. Tolkien places in this context the figure of Beorn, who is endowed with the amazing ability to \u201cskin-shift\u201d. Questions arise concerning the origin of this idea. I propose two possible answers. The first one refers to the Scandinavian tradition and the sagas which tell of mad warriors (berserks), often mistakenly thought to be able to change shape. The other one refers to Tolkien\u2019s work on \u201cBeowulf\u201d and to the motifs present both in the poem and in Old Norse literature. The mysterious character of Beorn could be traced back to literary traditions (the sagas, Beowulf), and therefore directly or indirectly associated with Scandinavia. The manner in which the figure is introduced and characterised refers to the oral traditions. What is also significant is that Tolkien was writing \u2019The Hobbit\u2019 before the concept of oral studies was introduced, so in a way he anticipated the question of orality."]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier Type"],"pl":["Typ identyfikatora"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN"],"pl":["ISSN"],"universal":["ISSN"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier"],"pl":["Powiązany identyfikator"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN: 2449\u20138181"],"pl":["ISSN: 2449\u20138181"],"universal":["ISSN: 2449\u20138181"]}},{"label":{"en":["Issue"],"pl":["Numer"]},"value":{"en":["2"],"pl":["2"],"universal":["2"]}},{"label":{"en":["Volume"],"pl":["Tom/Rocznik"]},"value":{"en":["2"],"pl":["2"],"universal":["2"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Quaestiones Oralitatis"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"en":["2016"],"pl":["2016"],"universal":["2016"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"],"pl":["Opis"]},"value":{"pl":["Temat numeru: Kultury oralne a mityczny świat J.R.R. Tolkiena i jego następców"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject and Keywords"],"pl":["Temat i słowa kluczowe"]},"value":{"pl":["J.R.R. Tolkien","Beorn","zmiennokształtność","oralność"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"en":["Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Instytut Studiów Klasycznych, Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych","Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Pracownia Badań nad Tradycją Oralną"],"pl":["Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Instytut Studiów Klasycznych, Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych","Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Pracownia Badań nad Tradycją Oralną"],"universal":["Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Instytut Studiów Klasycznych, Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych","Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Pracownia Badań nad Tradycją Oralną"]}},{"label":{"en":["LastPage"],"pl":["Ostatnia strona"]},"value":{"en":["64"],"pl":["64"],"universal":["64"]}},{"label":{"en":["First Page"],"pl":["Pierwsza strona"]},"value":{"en":["45"],"pl":["45"],"universal":["45"]}},{"label":{"en":["Creator"],"pl":["Twórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Łazarz, Radosław"]}},{"label":{"en":["Title"],"pl":["Tytuł"]},"value":{"pl":["Miś czy Niedźwiedź.Uwagi nad Beornem i zmiennokształtnością"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"en":["pol"],"pl":["pol"],"universal":["pol"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright by Radosław Łazarz"],"pl":["Copyright by Radosław Łazarz"],"universal":["Copyright by Radosław Łazarz"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["text"],"pl":["tekst"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"],"pl":["Identyfikator"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Format"],"pl":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["application/pdf"],"pl":["application/pdf"],"universal":["application/pdf"]}},{"label":{"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract Language "],"pl":["Język streszczenia"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"pl":["Miś czy Niedźwiedź.Uwagi nad Beornem i zmiennokształtnością"]},"type":"Manifest","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","items":[{"width":1600,"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/canvas/page1","label":{"@none":["PDF/03_R_Lazarz_Mis_czy_niedzwiedz.pdf"]},"type":"Canvas","items":[{"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"motivation":"painting","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1/1","type":"Annotation","body":{"format":"application/pdf","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/79530/PDF/03_R_Lazarz_Mis_czy_niedzwiedz.pdf","label":{"@none":["PDF/03_R_Lazarz_Mis_czy_niedzwiedz.pdf"]},"type":"Text"},"target":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1"}]}],"height":1200}]}