{"metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"en":["2021"],"pl":["2021"],"universal":["2021"]}},{"label":{"en":["Volume"],"pl":["Tom/Rocznik"]},"value":{"en":["43"],"pl":["43"],"universal":["43"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier Type"],"pl":["Typ identyfikatora"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN"],"pl":["ISSN"],"universal":["ISSN"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier"],"pl":["Powiązany identyfikator"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN: 2300-7249"],"pl":["ISSN: 2300-7249"],"universal":["ISSN: 2300-7249"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["The resource-rich and state-led Turkmen economy has grown very fast since the beginning of the twenty-first century. The authorities have produced a number of various programmes and strategies aimed at improving the standard of living of the citizens and achieving sustainable and inclusive development. Officially, nearly 80% of the national budget in Turkmenistan has been annually allocated for social needs. However, instead of creating opportunities and improving access to these opportunities for the citizens, the authoritarian government chose income redistribution and social spending. The paper identifies key features of the economic development in Turkmenistanand was written base on a critical analysis of state-controlled and independent news websites. The main feature of the Turkmen-style economic development is the growing deprivation of ordinary people. Poor citizens are getting poorer while the president\u2019s relatives and patronage networksare getting richer. Huge gaps between the rural and urban population and tribal divisions have been observed in the country. Moreover, the Soviet-style work holidays continue. Despite significant improvements in infrastructure, provision for education and health care still remains poor in Turkmenistan. The government expenditure for social needs means investment in infrastructure, not human capital."]}},{"label":{"en":["Affiliation"],"pl":["Afiliacja"]},"value":{"pl":["Nowak, Wioletta : Uniwersytet Wrocławski"]}},{"label":{"en":["Autor opisu"],"pl":["Autor opisu"]},"value":{"en":["WR U/PAdal"],"pl":["WR U/PAdal"],"universal":["WR U/PAdal"]}},{"label":{"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{"pl":["Machaj, Łukasz : Redaktor","Scheffler, Tomasz : Redaktor"]}},{"label":{"en":["Affiliation"],"pl":["Afiliacja"]},"value":{"pl":["Machaj, Łukasz : Uniwersytet Wrocławski","Scheffler, Tomasz : Uniwersytet Wrocławski"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Making materials available on the basis of the agreement with the owner of the property copyrights"],"pl":["Udostępnianie na podstawie umowy z właścicielem majątkowych praw autorskich"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["The use of this material is allowed only with accordance of applicable rules of fair use or other exceptions provided by law, and any broader use requires the permission of the authorized entity"],"pl":["Korzystanie z tego materiału jest możliwe zgodnie z właściwymi przepisami o dozwolonym użytku lub innych wyjątkach przewidzianych w przepisach prawa, a korzystanie w szerszym zakresie wymaga uzyskania zgody uprawnionego"]}},{"label":{"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract Language "],"pl":["Język streszczenia"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Place of publishing"],"pl":["Miejsce wydania"]},"value":{"pl":["Wrocław"]}},{"label":{"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Group publication title"],"pl":["Tytuł publikacji grupowej"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["text"],"pl":["tekst"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Machaj, Łukasz","Scheffler, Tomasz"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.","Copyright by CNS"],"pl":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.","Copyright by CNS"],"universal":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.","Copyright by CNS"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"],"pl":["Powiązanie"]},"value":{"pl":["Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis, ISSN 0239-6661, No 4078"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"],"pl":["Źródło"]},"value":{"en":["PAd P 101182 II"],"pl":["PAd P 101182 II"],"universal":["PAd P 101182 II"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"],"pl":["Identyfikator"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Title"],"pl":["Tytuł"]},"value":{"en":["The Turkmen-style economic development"]}},{"label":{"en":["LastPage"],"pl":["Ostatnia strona"]},"value":{"en":["591"],"pl":["591"],"universal":["591"]}},{"label":{"en":["First Page"],"pl":["Pierwsza strona"]},"value":{"en":["581"],"pl":["581"],"universal":["581"]}},{"label":{"en":["Issue"],"pl":["Numer"]},"value":{"en":["4"],"pl":["4"],"universal":["4"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"pl":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject and Keywords"],"pl":["Temat i słowa kluczowe"]},"value":{"en":["economic growth","inclusive development","standard of living","forced labour","authoritarian regime"]}},{"label":{"en":[" Is version of"],"pl":["Jest wersją"]},"value":{"en":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/issue/view/882 Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci (CNS)"],"pl":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/issue/view/882 Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci (CNS)"],"universal":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/issue/view/882 Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci (CNS)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Creator"],"pl":["Twórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Nowak, Wioletta"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"en":["The Turkmen-style economic development"]},"type":"Manifest","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","items":[{"width":1600,"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/canvas/page1","label":{"@none":["PDF/43_W_Nowak_The_Turkmen-style_economic_development.pdf"]},"type":"Canvas","items":[{"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"motivation":"painting","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1/1","type":"Annotation","body":{"format":"application/pdf","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/137483/PDF/43_W_Nowak_The_Turkmen-style_economic_development.pdf","label":{"@none":["PDF/43_W_Nowak_The_Turkmen-style_economic_development.pdf"]},"type":"Text"},"target":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1"}]}],"height":1200}]}