{"metadata":[{"label":{"en":["First Page"],"pl":["Pierwsza strona"]},"value":{"en":["263"],"pl":["263"],"universal":["263"]}},{"label":{"en":["LastPage"],"pl":["Ostatnia strona"]},"value":{"en":["287"],"pl":["287"],"universal":["287"]}},{"label":{"en":["Title"],"pl":["Tytuł"]},"value":{"pl":["Ewolucja polskiego systemu wykroczeń \u2014 przez autorytaryzm do demokracji. Część 2"]}},{"label":{"en":["Creator"],"pl":["Twórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Łucarz, Katarzyna","Muszyńska, Anna"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier"],"pl":["Powiązany identyfikator"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN: 2300-7249"],"pl":["ISSN: 2300-7249"],"universal":["ISSN: 2300-7249"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier Type"],"pl":["Typ identyfikatora"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN"],"pl":["ISSN"],"universal":["ISSN"]}},{"label":{"en":["Volume"],"pl":["Tom/Rocznik"]},"value":{"en":["43"],"pl":["43"],"universal":["43"]}},{"label":{"en":["Issue"],"pl":["Numer"]},"value":{"en":["1"],"pl":["1"],"universal":["1"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["text"],"pl":["tekst"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"],"pl":["Identyfikator"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":[" Is version of"],"pl":["Jest wersją"]},"value":{"en":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/13393"],"pl":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/13393"],"universal":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/13393"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject and Keywords"],"pl":["Temat i słowa kluczowe"]},"value":{"en":["petty offence","administrative tort","criminal administrative law","adjudicating college/entity"],"pl":["wykroczenie","delikt administracyjny","prawo karno-administracyjne","kolegia orzekające"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"],"pl":["Opis"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"pl":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Scheffler, Tomasz","Sondel-Cedarmas, Joanna"]}},{"label":{"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"],"pl":["Źródło"]},"value":{"en":["PAd P 101182 II"],"pl":["PAd P 101182 II"],"universal":["PAd P 101182 II"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"en":["pol"],"pl":["pol"],"universal":["pol"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"pl":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"universal":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"],"pl":["Powiązanie"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Place of publishing"],"pl":["Miejsce wydania"]},"value":{"pl":["Wrocław"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract Language "],"pl":["Język streszczenia"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}},{"label":{"en":["Autor opisu"],"pl":["Autor opisu"]},"value":{"en":["WR U/PAdbg"],"pl":["WR U/PAdbg"],"universal":["WR U/PAdbg"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["The use of this material is allowed only with accordance of applicable rules of fair use or other exceptions provided by law, and any broader use requires the permission of the authorized entity"],"pl":["Korzystanie z tego materiału jest możliwe zgodnie z właściwymi przepisami o dozwolonym użytku lub innych wyjątkach przewidzianych w przepisach prawa, a korzystanie w szerszym zakresie wymaga uzyskania zgody uprawnionego"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Making materials available on the basis of the agreement with the owner of the property copyrights"],"pl":["Udostępnianie na podstawie umowy z właścicielem majątkowych praw autorskich"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["The authors of this study present the transformations of the Polish system of petty off ences law by discussing the normative shape and searching for optimal legislative solutions. The refl ections are based on historical references, by studying changes in this area of law, marked by many legal and practical issues. The historical approach facilitates on analysis of tendency which occurred in the process of developing the law of petty off ences, systemic influences on the organizational structures created within it, and the material and procedural shape. Historical threads include the basic conditions for the development of liability for petty offences, taking into account the assumptions of the inter-war period, through the times of authoritarianism to the present day. During the last century, the system of petty offences was considered as an area which searches for legal solutions to counteract administrative lawlessness or criminal lawlessness with less social noxiousness of the act that is subject to political requirements in various degree and controlled by the government. The wide scope of the presented issue entails necessity to separate two parts. First \u2014 including the period up to the 1970s, that is until the establishment of the Code of Petty Offenses 1971, and the second \u2014 to modern times, in which this Code is still in force."]}},{"label":{"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{"pl":["Scheffler, Tomasz : Redaktor","Sondel-Cedarmas, Joanna : Redaktor"]}},{"label":{"en":["Alternative title"],"pl":["Tytuł odmienny"]},"value":{"en":["Evolution of the Polish petty offences system \u2014 through authoritarianism to democracy. Part 2"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"en":["2021"],"pl":["2021"],"universal":["2021"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"pl":["Ewolucja polskiego systemu wykroczeń \u2014 przez autorytaryzm do demokracji. 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