{"metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["Attribution, Non-Commercial, NoDerivatives"],"pl":["Uznanie autorstwa, Użycie niekomercyjne, Bez utworów zależnych"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en"],"pl":["Creative Commons - Uznanie autorstwa, Użycie niekomercyjne, Bez utworów zależnych (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)","https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.pl"]}},{"label":{"en":["Autor opisu"],"pl":["Autor opisu"]},"value":{"en":["WR U/PAdbg"],"pl":["WR U/PAdbg"],"universal":["WR U/PAdbg"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract Language "],"pl":["Język streszczenia"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Wroclaw Review of Law, Administration & Economics"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"en":["2018"],"pl":["2018"],"universal":["2018"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}},{"label":{"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{"pl":["Krzan, Bartłomiej : Redaktor"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["It is notorious that there are two main positions of international lawyers as to the lawfulness of the use of force in international law. According to the dominant view, the ban on the use of force under the UN Charter is absolute, and force is allowed exclusively in three situations provided in the UN Charter: upon the authorization of the UN Security Council, in self-defence, and against enemy States on the basis of Art.53 and 107, the latter option being purely hypothetical. Rare opponents invoke a strict interpretation of Art.2(4) of the Charter and emphasize that an armed force cannot be used against sovereignty, territorial integrity, or in any other manner contrary to the goals and principles of the UN. Against the background of this dispute a question can be asked whether, the UN Charter notwithstanding, the use of force is regulated by other international legal norms, in particular customary law."]}},{"label":{"en":[" Is version of"],"pl":["Jest wersją"]},"value":{"en":["https://reference-global.com/article/10.1515/wrlae-2018-0037"],"pl":["https://reference-global.com/article/10.1515/wrlae-2018-0037"],"universal":["https://reference-global.com/article/10.1515/wrlae-2018-0037"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject and Keywords"],"pl":["Temat i słowa kluczowe"]},"value":{"en":["use of force","UN Charter","customary international law"],"pl":["użycie siły","Karta Narodów Zjednoczonych","zwyczajowe prawo międzynarodowe"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"],"pl":["Opis"]},"value":{"pl":["Tyt. tomu: Essays in Memory of Professor Karol Wolfke"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"pl":["University of Wroclaw. Faculty of Law, Administration & Economics"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Krzan, Bartłomiej"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["text"],"pl":["tekst"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"],"pl":["Identyfikator"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier"],"pl":["Powiązany identyfikator"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN: 2084-1264"],"pl":["ISSN: 2084-1264"],"universal":["ISSN: 2084-1264"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier Type"],"pl":["Typ identyfikatora"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN"],"pl":["ISSN"],"universal":["ISSN"]}},{"label":{"en":["Volume"],"pl":["Tom/Rocznik"]},"value":{"en":["8"],"pl":["8"],"universal":["8"]}},{"label":{"en":["Issue"],"pl":["Numer"]},"value":{"en":["2"],"pl":["2"],"universal":["2"]}},{"label":{"en":["First Page"],"pl":["Pierwsza strona"]},"value":{"en":["97"],"pl":["97"],"universal":["97"]}},{"label":{"en":["LastPage"],"pl":["Ostatnia strona"]},"value":{"en":["111"],"pl":["111"],"universal":["111"]}},{"label":{"en":["Title"],"pl":["Tytuł"]},"value":{"en":["Customary International Law on the Use of Force"]}},{"label":{"en":["Creator"],"pl":["Twórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Czapliński, Władysław"]}},{"label":{"en":["Place of publishing"],"pl":["Miejsce wydania"]},"value":{"pl":["Wrocław"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright by Władysław Czapliński","Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski \u2013 Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii"],"pl":["Copyright by Władysław Czapliński","Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski \u2013 Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii"],"universal":["Copyright by Władysław Czapliński","Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski \u2013 Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii"]}},{"label":{"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"en":["Customary International Law on the Use of Force"]},"type":"Manifest","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","items":[{"width":1600,"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/canvas/page1","label":{"@none":["PDF/164_Czaplinski_W_Customary_international_law_on_the_use_of_force.pdf"]},"type":"Canvas","items":[{"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"motivation":"painting","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1/1","type":"Annotation","body":{"format":"application/pdf","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/128767/PDF/164_Czaplinski_W_Customary_international_law_on_the_use_of_force.pdf","label":{"@none":["PDF/164_Czaplinski_W_Customary_international_law_on_the_use_of_force.pdf"]},"type":"Text"},"target":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1"}]}],"height":1200}]}