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Cz. 2"]}},{"label":{"de":["Herausgeber"],"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"de":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"en":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"pl":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"universal":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"]}},{"label":{"de":["Mitschöpfer"],"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Jabłoński, Mariusz"]}},{"label":{"de":["UB Katalog"],"en":["WUL Catalog"],"pl":["Katalog BUWr"]},"value":{"de":["https://katalog.uwr.edu.pl/permalink/48OMNIS_UWR/q50541/alma991004169139709338"],"en":["https://katalog.uwr.edu.pl/permalink/48OMNIS_UWR/q50541/alma991004169139709338"],"pl":["https://katalog.uwr.edu.pl/permalink/48OMNIS_UWR/q50541/alma991004169139709338"],"universal":["https://katalog.uwr.edu.pl/permalink/48OMNIS_UWR/q50541/alma991004169139709338"]}},{"label":{"de":["Location of original object"],"en":["Location of original object"],"pl":["Lokalizacja oryginału"]},"value":{"pl":["Biblioteka Wydziału Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii"]}},{"label":{"de":["PLMET"],"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"de":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}},{"label":{"de":["Quelle"],"en":["Source"],"pl":["Źródło"]},"value":{"de":["PAd P 101660 II"],"en":["PAd P 101660 II"],"pl":["PAd P 101660 II"],"universal":["PAd P 101660 II"]}},{"label":{"de":["Sprache"],"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"de":["pol"],"en":["pol"],"pl":["pol"],"universal":["pol"]}},{"label":{"de":["Rights holder"],"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"de":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"en":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"pl":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"universal":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."]}},{"label":{"de":["Verbindungen"],"en":["Relation"],"pl":["Powiązanie"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"de":["Place of publishing"],"en":["Place of publishing"],"pl":["Miejsce wydania"]},"value":{"de":["Wrocław"],"en":["Wrocław"],"pl":["Wrocław"],"universal":["Wrocław"]}},{"label":{"de":["Detailed Type"],"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}},{"label":{"de":["Access rights"],"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["The use of this material is allowed only with accordance of applicable rules of fair use or other exceptions provided by law, and any broader use requires the permission of the authorized entity"],"pl":["Korzystanie z tego materiału jest możliwe zgodnie z właściwymi przepisami o dozwolonym użytku lub innych wyjątkach przewidzianych w przepisach prawa, a korzystanie w szerszym zakresie wymaga uzyskania zgody uprawnionego"]}},{"label":{"de":["License"],"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Making materials available on the basis of the agreement with the owner of the property copyrights"],"pl":["Udostępnianie na podstawie umowy z właścicielem majątkowych praw autorskich"]}},{"label":{"de":["Abstract"],"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["In reply to this question, the author gives a negative answer. In Latin American constitutions, the citizen\u2019s person\u2019s duties are, at the same time, too ample and too narrow. On one hand, the constitutionalobligations imposed on individuals \u2014 owing to their scope \u2014 exceed the possibilities of their fulfillment. For instance, it is hard to imagine a realization by a single person of the obligation of \u201cthe conservation of cultural and natural heritage as well as the care for the public goods\u201d. On the other hand, there are duties that strike us with their exaggerated minuteness, incoherent with the nature of a fundamental national charter. One should mention here the Honduran citizens\u2019 obligation to obtain their identity card or the duty of Mexicans to participate \u201cin days and hours determined by the municipal authorities of place of residence in civic and military training\u201d.Furthermore, the constitutional duties are not accompanied by any sanctions or tools forcing their implementation. The mandatory voting \u2014 when violated \u2014 remains unpunished. Usually, the amnesty abolition acts are proclaimed after the elections. They exempt the citizens defaulting their duty to vote from, for example, fines, if any. Even if such statute is not adopted, the punishability of abstaining from going to the polling station is relative in nature. In Peru, the only consequence of such behavior is an impossibility to use of a non-validated electoral identity card as a substitute of ID before public organs.Finally, it is unacceptable to make the equation, in the constitutions, between duties and rights. It is very difficult to have simultaneously a right and an obligation of its possession and/or assertion. The duty is always the limitation of a free choice of behavior. Its standard understanding means an ordered or prohibited conduct of the norm\u2019s addressee, according to its content. Even the tautological definition of a constitutional duty \u2014 a state of affairs which should be assured by a party obliged \u2014 does not leave room for recognition, liberty or entitlement. The Latin American constitutional documents contain too many duties obligations. In some countries their number amounts to about twenty Ecuador, Bolivia, Mexico. If we adhere to the opinion that every right is, at the same time, an obligation, they will be countless. For that reason, I believe \u2014 after D. Diderot \u2014 that there is one sole obligation, that is to be happy. It is the only source of every genuine duty, and the exclusive basis for good law-making."]}},{"label":{"de":["Role"],"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{"pl":["Jabłoński, Mariusz : Redaktor"]}},{"label":{"de":["Alternative title"],"en":["Alternative title"],"pl":["Tytuł odmienny"]},"value":{"de":["Is the constitutionalization of individual duties in Latin American states a pattern to be followed?"]}},{"label":{"de":["Resource Title"],"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Przegląd Prawa i Administracji"]}},{"label":{"de":["Date issued"],"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"de":["2015"],"en":["2015"],"pl":["2015"],"universal":["2015"]}},{"label":{"de":["Resource Type"],"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}},{"label":{"de":["Date copyrighted"],"en":["Date copyrighted"],"pl":["Data zastrzeżenia praw autorskich"]},"value":{"de":["2015"],"en":["2015"],"pl":["2015"],"universal":["2015"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"pl":["Konstytucjonalizacja obowiązków jednostki w państwach Ameryki Łacińskiej może być wzorem do naśladowania?"]},"type":"Manifest","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","items":[{"width":1600,"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/canvas/page1","label":{"@none":["PDF/18_Complak_K_Konstytucjonalizacja_obowiazkow_jednostki_w_panstwach_Ameryki_Lacinskiej_moze_byc_wzorem_do_nasladowania.pdf"]},"type":"Canvas","items":[{"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"motivation":"painting","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1/1","type":"Annotation","body":{"format":"application/pdf","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/117093/PDF/18_Complak_K_Konstytucjonalizacja_obowiazkow_jednostki_w_panstwach_Ameryki_Lacinskiej_moze_byc_wzorem_do_nasladowania.pdf","label":{"@none":["PDF/18_Complak_K_Konstytucjonalizacja_obowiazkow_jednostki_w_panstwach_Ameryki_Lacinskiej_moze_byc_wzorem_do_nasladowania.pdf"]},"type":"Text"},"target":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1"}]}],"height":1200}]}