{"metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Creator"],"pl":["Twórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Czepil, Bartosz"]}},{"label":{"en":["Title"],"pl":["Tytuł"]},"value":{"pl":["Związek Radziecki jako państwo skorumpowane"]}},{"label":{"en":["LastPage"],"pl":["Ostatnia strona"]},"value":{"en":["290"],"pl":["290"],"universal":["290"]}},{"label":{"en":["First Page"],"pl":["Pierwsza strona"]},"value":{"en":["261"],"pl":["261"],"universal":["261"]}},{"label":{"en":["Volume"],"pl":["Tom/Rocznik"]},"value":{"en":["32"],"pl":["32"],"universal":["32"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier Type"],"pl":["Typ identyfikatora"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN"],"pl":["ISSN"],"universal":["ISSN"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier"],"pl":["Powiązany identyfikator"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN: 0137-1126"],"pl":["ISSN: 0137-1126"],"universal":["ISSN: 0137-1126"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"],"pl":["Identyfikator"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["text"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Marszał, Maciej"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"en":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"pl":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"universal":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"],"pl":["Opis"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":[" Is version of"],"pl":["Jest wersją"]},"value":{"en":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1078"],"pl":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1078"],"universal":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1078"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject and Keywords"],"pl":["Temat i słowa kluczowe"]},"value":{"en":["Union of Soviet Socialist Republics","corruption","totalitarianism","legal system"],"pl":["ZSRR","korupcja","autorytaryzm","system prawny"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["The article concerns the process of corruption\u2019s institutionalization in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Corruption is perceived as a permanent and variable pattern of social-and-political actors\u2019 behavior which was generated by centralized structure of governmental system. The author attempts to prove that costs and benefits derived from corruption were not identical during every period of the Soviet Union\u2019s development. This calculation was for the most part the result of political regime\u2019s dynamics and changing degree of its totalitarianism. Legalized corruption, patron\u2013client networks and ordinary bribery \u2013 which the author defines as a patterns of corruption typical for the Soviet Union \u2013 were structurally connected phenomena. On one hand they were inextricably intertwined with the political system; on the other they were a manifestation of the system\u2019s inefficiency and a lack of its identification with foundational principles. While analyzing corruption in a system such as the Soviet Union, many various doubts appear as far as defining different actions as unequivocally corrupt is concerned. Some of them were not meant to serve as an instrument of personal enrichment but were the only available way to gain access to scarce goods or to face challenges posed by the irrational system of the economy\u2019s management. It can be assumed that these actions were the manifestations of rational adaptation to unpredictable social-and-economic environment and that to some degree they performed functionally useful role. Corruption in the Soviet Union gained a status of informal institution the regulatory potential of which was largely serving as a substitute for regulatory functions which generally should be performed by the legal system."]}},{"label":{"en":["Alternative title"],"pl":["Tytuł odmienny"]},"value":{"en":["The Soviet Union as a corrupt state"]}},{"label":{"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{"pl":["Marszał, Maciej : Redaktor"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date copyrighted"],"pl":["Data zastrzeżenia praw autorskich"]},"value":{"en":["2010"],"pl":["2010"],"universal":["2010"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"en":["2010"],"pl":["2010"],"universal":["2010"]}},{"label":{"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}},{"label":{"en":["Autor opisu"],"pl":["Autor opisu"]},"value":{"en":["WR U/PAdbg"],"pl":["WR U/PAdbg"],"universal":["WR U/PAdbg"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Making materials available on the basis of the agreement with the owner of the property copyrights"],"pl":["Udostępnianie na podstawie umowy z właścicielem majątkowych praw autorskich"]}},{"label":{"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["The use of this material is allowed only with accordance of applicable rules of fair use or other exceptions provided by law, and any broader use requires the permission of the authorized entity"],"pl":["Korzystanie z tego materiału jest możliwe zgodnie z właściwymi przepisami o dozwolonym użytku lub innych wyjątkach przewidzianych w przepisach prawa, a korzystanie w szerszym zakresie wymaga uzyskania zgody uprawnionego"]}},{"label":{"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}},{"label":{"en":["WUL Catalog"],"pl":["Katalog BUWr"]},"value":{"en":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"],"pl":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"],"universal":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"pl":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"universal":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"],"pl":["Powiązanie"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"en":["pol"],"pl":["pol"],"universal":["pol"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"],"pl":["Źródło"]},"value":{"en":["PAd P 101182 II"],"pl":["PAd P 101182 II"],"universal":["PAd P 101182 II"]}},{"label":{"en":["Place of publishing"],"pl":["Miejsce wydania"]},"value":{"en":["Wrocław"],"pl":["Wrocław"],"universal":["Wrocław"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"pl":["Związek Radziecki jako państwo skorumpowane"]},"type":"Manifest","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","items":[{"width":1600,"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/canvas/page1","label":{"@none":["PDF/11_Czepil_B_Zwiazek_Radziecki_jako_panstwo_skorumpowane.pdf"]},"type":"Canvas","items":[{"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"motivation":"painting","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1/1","type":"Annotation","body":{"format":"application/pdf","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/108359/PDF/11_Czepil_B_Zwiazek_Radziecki_jako_panstwo_skorumpowane.pdf","label":{"@none":["PDF/11_Czepil_B_Zwiazek_Radziecki_jako_panstwo_skorumpowane.pdf"]},"type":"Text"},"target":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1"}]}],"height":1200}]}