{"metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["The use of this material is allowed only with accordance of applicable rules of fair use or other exceptions provided by law, and any broader use requires the permission of the authorized entity"],"pl":["Korzystanie z tego materiału jest możliwe zgodnie z właściwymi przepisami o dozwolonym użytku lub innych wyjątkach przewidzianych w przepisach prawa, a korzystanie w szerszym zakresie wymaga uzyskania zgody uprawnionego"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Making materials available on the basis of the agreement with the owner of the property copyrights"],"pl":["Udostępnianie na podstawie umowy z właścicielem majątkowych praw autorskich"]}},{"label":{"en":["Autor opisu"],"pl":["Autor opisu"]},"value":{"en":["WR U/PAdbg"],"pl":["WR U/PAdbg"],"universal":["WR U/PAdbg"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract Language "],"pl":["Język streszczenia"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"en":["2011"],"pl":["2011"],"universal":["2011"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date copyrighted"],"pl":["Data zastrzeżenia praw autorskich"]},"value":{"en":["2011"],"pl":["2011"],"universal":["2011"]}},{"label":{"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{"pl":["Maciejewski, Marek : Redaktor","Marszał, Maciej : Redaktor"]}},{"label":{"en":["Alternative title"],"pl":["Tytuł odmienny"]},"value":{"en":["Italian Fascism in the interpretations of Polish socialists 1922\u20131939"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["During the interwar period in the European states, the Apeninian Peninsula raised a particular interest among the continent\u2019s inhabitants. It was a target of a well-developed tourist movement which was reinforced by religious and scientific-and-cultural motivations. For many intellectuals of various political persuasions, Italy \u2014 with its both ancient and Christian traditions \u2014 provided important mental stimuli. Apart from these elements, one additional significant factor appeared after 1922: the fascination and concern caused by the emergence of a new and previously unknown anywhere political phenomenon i.e. Italian Fascism. Polish publicists, politicians and lawyers also did not hesitate to offer their opinions on the shaping of Fascism in Italy. Moreover, in the Polish political, lawyerly and journalistic debate during the interwar period there appeared many \u2014 oftentimes quite penetrating and original \u2014 works interpreting both the ideology of Benito Mussolini and the practical operation of the system created by Il Duce. Among numerous political and legal interpretations of Italian Fascism, there also appeared studies and analyses made by Polish socialists who repeatedly vocalized their views on the issue in the press. The subject of this paper is the presentation of the opinions of Polish intellectuals of socialist provenance on the new political and social-andeconomic system introduced in Italy by Benito Mussolini. Describing the attitude of Polish socialists towards Italian Fascism, it has to be concluded that it was far more critical than the one exhibited by other political parties in the Second Polish Republic with the exception of communists. From the beginning Polish socialist movement considered Mussolini\u2019s project as contradictory to democratic and parliamentarian principles and exhibiting clear ideological anti-socialist undertones. It is worth underlining that many of these interpretations \u2014 for instance the one proposed by Aleksander Hertz \u2014 were similar to the judgments made by the post-war researchers of totalitarianism."]}},{"label":{"en":[" Is version of"],"pl":["Jest wersją"]},"value":{"en":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1117"],"pl":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1117"],"universal":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1117"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject and Keywords"],"pl":["Temat i słowa kluczowe"]},"value":{"en":["Italian Fascism","Mussolini, Benito","Polish socialist","interpretation"],"pl":["faszyzm włoski","Mussolini, Benito (1883-1945)","polscy socjaliści","interpretacje"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"],"pl":["Opis"]},"value":{"pl":["Tytuł zeszytu: Polskie interpretacje totalitaryzmu i autorytaryzmu"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"en":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"pl":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"universal":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Maciejewski, Marek","Marszał, Maciej"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["text"],"pl":["tekst"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"],"pl":["Identyfikator"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier"],"pl":["Powiązany identyfikator"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN: 0137-1126"],"pl":["ISSN: 0137-1126"],"universal":["ISSN: 0137-1126"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier Type"],"pl":["Typ identyfikatora"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN"],"pl":["ISSN"],"universal":["ISSN"]}},{"label":{"en":["Volume"],"pl":["Tom/Rocznik"]},"value":{"en":["33"],"pl":["33"],"universal":["33"]}},{"label":{"en":["First Page"],"pl":["Pierwsza strona"]},"value":{"en":["99"],"pl":["99"],"universal":["99"]}},{"label":{"en":["LastPage"],"pl":["Ostatnia strona"]},"value":{"en":["119"],"pl":["119"],"universal":["119"]}},{"label":{"en":["Title"],"pl":["Tytuł"]},"value":{"pl":["Włoski faszyzm w interpretacjach polskich socjalistów 1922\u20131939"]}},{"label":{"en":["Creator"],"pl":["Twórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Marszał, Maciej"]}},{"label":{"en":["Place of publishing"],"pl":["Miejsce wydania"]},"value":{"en":["Wrocław"],"pl":["Wrocław"],"universal":["Wrocław"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"],"pl":["Źródło"]},"value":{"en":["PAd P 101182 II"],"pl":["PAd P 101182 II"],"universal":["PAd P 101182 II"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"en":["pol"],"pl":["pol"],"universal":["pol"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"pl":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"universal":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"],"pl":["Powiązanie"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["WUL Catalog"],"pl":["Katalog BUWr"]},"value":{"en":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"],"pl":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"],"universal":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"]}},{"label":{"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"pl":["Włoski faszyzm w interpretacjach polskich socjalistów 1922\u20131939"]},"type":"Manifest","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","items":[{"width":1600,"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/canvas/page1","label":{"@none":["PDF/06_Marszal_M_Wloski_faszyzm_w_interpretacjach_polskich_socjalistow_1922_1939.pdf"]},"type":"Canvas","items":[{"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"motivation":"painting","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1/1","type":"Annotation","body":{"format":"application/pdf","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/108321/PDF/06_Marszal_M_Wloski_faszyzm_w_interpretacjach_polskich_socjalistow_1922_1939.pdf","label":{"@none":["PDF/06_Marszal_M_Wloski_faszyzm_w_interpretacjach_polskich_socjalistow_1922_1939.pdf"]},"type":"Text"},"target":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1"}]}],"height":1200}]}