{"metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Access rights"],"pl":["Prawa dostępu"]},"value":{"en":["The use of this material is allowed only with accordance of applicable rules of fair use or other exceptions provided by law, and any broader use requires the permission of the authorized entity"],"pl":["Korzystanie z tego materiału jest możliwe zgodnie z właściwymi przepisami o dozwolonym użytku lub innych wyjątkach przewidzianych w przepisach prawa, a korzystanie w szerszym zakresie wymaga uzyskania zgody uprawnionego"]}},{"label":{"en":["License"],"pl":["Licencja"]},"value":{"en":["Making materials available on the basis of the agreement with the owner of the property copyrights"],"pl":["Udostępnianie na podstawie umowy z właścicielem majątkowych praw autorskich"]}},{"label":{"en":["Autor opisu"],"pl":["Autor opisu"]},"value":{"en":["WR U/PAdbg"],"pl":["WR U/PAdbg"],"universal":["WR U/PAdbg"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract Language "],"pl":["Język streszczenia"]},"value":{"en":["eng"],"pl":["eng"],"universal":["eng"]}},{"label":{"en":["Detailed Type"],"pl":["Szczegółowy typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["article"],"pl":["artykuł"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Title"],"pl":["Tytuł źródłowy"]},"value":{"pl":["Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date issued"],"pl":["Data wydania"]},"value":{"en":["2011"],"pl":["2011"],"universal":["2011"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu źródłowego"]},"value":{"pl":["Czasopismo"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date copyrighted"],"pl":["Data zastrzeżenia praw autorskich"]},"value":{"en":["2011"],"pl":["2011"],"universal":["2011"]}},{"label":{"en":["Role"],"pl":["Rola"]},"value":{"pl":["Maciejewski, Marek : Redaktor","Marszał, Maciej : Redaktor"]}},{"label":{"en":["Alternative title"],"pl":["Tytuł odmienny"]},"value":{"en":["Polish sovietology until 1939"]}},{"label":{"en":["Abstract"],"pl":["Abstrakt"]},"value":{"en":["The paper presents the origins and development of the Polish analyses concerning the tsar\u2019s and Soviet Russia. According to the author, the roots of the Polish interpretations of the Soviet system are inherent in the 19th-century accounts of the tsar\u2019s Russia political system, which were initiated by the German scientist, August von Haxthausen 1792\u20131866. The Haxthausen\u2019s conviction that Russians had a special disposition to communism was subsequently adopted by the Polish thinkers and writers: Henryk Kamieński, Zygmunt Krasiński, and Franciszek Duchiński. The Polish philosopher Wojciech Dzieduszycki observed in 1908 that an attempt to introduce the socialism could only bring the creation of a bureaucratic system. The majority of the Polish witnesses and observers of the rise of the communist regime in Russia after 1917 Jan Kucharzewski, Roman Dmowski, Marian Zdziechowski and Jan Parandowski, among others were of the opinion that the communist system was a continuation of the tsarist one. Władysław Leopold Jaworski fi rmly emphasized, however, that the socialism in the Marx\u2019s version was alien to the Russian culture. In the author\u2019s opinion many Polish commentators of the Soviet Russia e.g. Marian Zdziechowski, Jan Parandowski and Feliks Koneczny stressed the leading role of Jews in the Soviet system. The Scientific-Research Institute of the Eastern Europe Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy Europy Wschodniej \u2014 established in 1930 at the University in Wilno \u2014 played a distinct role in the Polish sovietology. Two scholars: Wiktor Sukiennicki and Stanisław Swianiewicz, were the leading figures of the Institute. The publications originated in that Institute were deliberately impartial and contributed to the scientific knowledge on the Soviet system."]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject and Keywords"],"pl":["Temat i słowa kluczowe"]},"value":{"en":["Russia","interpretation","Scientific-Research Institute of the Eastern Europe","Poland"],"pl":["Russia","Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy Europy Wschodniej","interpretacje","Polska"]}},{"label":{"en":[" Is version of"],"pl":["Jest wersją"]},"value":{"en":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1114"],"pl":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1114"],"universal":["https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/1114"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"],"pl":["Opis"]},"value":{"pl":["Tytuł zeszytu: Polskie interpretacje totalitaryzmu i autorytaryzmu"]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"],"pl":["Wydawca"]},"value":{"en":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"pl":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"],"universal":["Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"],"pl":["Współtwórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Maciejewski, Marek","Marszał, Maciej"]}},{"label":{"en":["Resource Type"],"pl":["Typ zasobu"]},"value":{"en":["text"],"pl":["tekst"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"],"pl":["Identyfikator"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier"],"pl":["Powiązany identyfikator"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN: 0137-1126"],"pl":["ISSN: 0137-1126"],"universal":["ISSN: 0137-1126"]}},{"label":{"en":["Related Identifier Type"],"pl":["Typ identyfikatora"]},"value":{"en":["ISSN"],"pl":["ISSN"],"universal":["ISSN"]}},{"label":{"en":["Volume"],"pl":["Tom/Rocznik"]},"value":{"en":["33"],"pl":["33"],"universal":["33"]}},{"label":{"en":["First Page"],"pl":["Pierwsza strona"]},"value":{"en":["33"],"pl":["33"],"universal":["33"]}},{"label":{"en":["LastPage"],"pl":["Ostatnia strona"]},"value":{"en":["45"],"pl":["45"],"universal":["45"]}},{"label":{"en":["Title"],"pl":["Tytuł"]},"value":{"pl":["Polska sowietologia do 1939 roku"]}},{"label":{"en":["Creator"],"pl":["Twórca"]},"value":{"pl":["Pipes, Richard"]}},{"label":{"en":["Place of publishing"],"pl":["Miejsce wydania"]},"value":{"en":["Wrocław"],"pl":["Wrocław"],"universal":["Wrocław"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"],"pl":["Źródło"]},"value":{"en":["PAd P 101182 II"],"pl":["PAd P 101182 II"],"universal":["PAd P 101182 II"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"],"pl":["Język"]},"value":{"en":["pol"],"pl":["pol"],"universal":["pol"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights holder"],"pl":["Właściciel praw"]},"value":{"en":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"pl":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."],"universal":["Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o."]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"],"pl":["Powiązanie"]},"value":{}},{"label":{"en":["WUL Catalog"],"pl":["Katalog BUWr"]},"value":{"en":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"],"pl":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"],"universal":["https://helios.bu.uni.wroc.pl:8443/lib/item?id=chamo:109947"]}},{"label":{"en":["PLMET"],"pl":["PLMET"]},"value":{"en":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"pl":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"],"universal":["https://docs.psnc.pl/spaces/FBCMETGUIDE/overview"]}}],"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/manifest","label":{"pl":["Polska sowietologia do 1939 roku"]},"type":"Manifest","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","items":[{"width":1600,"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/canvas/page1","label":{"@none":["PDF/03_Pipes_R_Polska_sowietologia_do_1939_roku.pdf"]},"type":"Canvas","items":[{"id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"motivation":"painting","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1/1","type":"Annotation","body":{"format":"application/pdf","id":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/108318/PDF/03_Pipes_R_Polska_sowietologia_do_1939_roku.pdf","label":{"@none":["PDF/03_Pipes_R_Polska_sowietologia_do_1939_roku.pdf"]},"type":"Text"},"target":"https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/annotation/page1"}]}],"height":1200}]}