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		<identifier>oai:repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl:94001</identifier>
	    <datestamp>2026-06-25T12:42:30Z</datestamp>
		  <setSpec>buwr</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>buwr:Repository:facultyOfHistoricalAndPedagogicalSciences:chaptersFragments</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>buwr:Repository:facultyOfHistoricalAndPedagogicalSciences</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>buwr:Repository</setSpec> 	    </header>
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<dc:title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The residue filling the lines of the ornament]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Trąbska, Joanna]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Trybalska, Barbara]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[FTIR]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[μFTIR]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[SEM/EDS]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[bioapatite]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[collagen]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[black substance]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[elk antler]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Late Palaeolithic]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[archaeology]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Surfaces of Palaeolithic objects made of flint, bone and antler are sometimes covered by irregular stains from organic substances: resins, wood tar, waxes, etc. Some of these substances result from deliberate action, others are traces of deposition in ashes of a hearth. The most likely to be affected in this way are depressed features on the surface of an object. The surface of the artefact from Rusinowo is covered by intentionally executed patterns, filled by a dark grey and a black substance partly, and in an irregular manner. This black and grey substance was sampled from the grooves and studied via FTIR, μFTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy respectively) and SEM/EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). FTIR was used to make a comparative study of reference substances: charcoal, soot, burnt spruce needles and raw antler of modern elk. The black colour in the grooves of the Rusinowo find is caused by the presence of a residue of ash from a hearth, or hearths, presumably in a natural mixture with fulvic acids. To a minor extent, the black colour may be attributed to the presence of a Fe-S phase. No evidence was found to validate a deliberate origin of the staining.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Wrocław]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[University of Wrocław. Institute of Archaeology]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Płonka, Tomasz]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Kowalski, Krzysztof]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Kinecka, Anna]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2017]]></dc:date>
<dc:type xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[text]]></dc:type>
<dc:type xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[tekst]]></dc:type>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://doi.org/10.23734/22.18.107]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[http://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/94001/PDF/Tr%C4%85bska%20J_Trybalska%20B_The%20residue%20filling%20the%20lines%20of%20the%20ornament.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication/101174/edition/94001/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl:94001]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:language><![CDATA[eng]]></dc:language>
<dc:rights xml:lang="de"><![CDATA[Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="uk"><![CDATA[Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights]]></dc:rights>
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<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[In Copyright]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="it"><![CDATA[Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Obiekt chroniony prawem autorskim lub prawami pokrewnymi]]></dc:rights>
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<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Objęty pełną ochroną prawnoautorską]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Nauk Historycznych i Pedagogicznych]]></dc:rights>
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