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<dc:title xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Niemiecka doktryna i judykatura wobec problemu odpowiedzialności karnej „sprawców zza biurek” — uwagi na tle koncepcji Organisationsherrschaft]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Gruszecka, Dagmara]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[criminal law]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[“desk murderer”]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[doctrine of Organisationsherrschaft]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[international crimes]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[attribution]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[prawo karne]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[„sprawcy zza biurek”]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[doktryna Organisationsherrschaft]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[zbrodnie międzynarodowe]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[przypisanie]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The aim of the paper is to present the concept of Claus Roxin’s Organisationsherrschaft as an alternative to attributing criminal responsibility for crimes committed by Nazi “desk murderers.” This concept arose against the background of criticism, after the trials of Adolf Eichmann and Bohdan Stashynsky, of the particularly low number of convictions in similar cases and the numerous omissions of the entire German justice system. Under West German criminal law, a distinction made between those who order murder and those who commit murder on their own initiative meant that the above-mentioned perpetrators who passed on orders from above could only be found guilty of accessory to murder. The novelty of Roxin’s views, however, consisted in an attempt to combine the previous only individualistic perspective of criminal law with the idea of mass, bureaucratic murders. The traditional system of individual attribution of responsibility, as applied for ordinary criminality characterized by the individual commission of single crimes, must be adapted to the needs of collective responsibility, in which the organization (for example, an administrative structure) as a whole serves as the entity upon which attribution of criminal responsibility is based. The first part of the text discusses the main lines of argumentation presented by the West German jurisprudence in cases concerning high-ranking members of the state power apparatus of the Third Reich. At the same time, efforts were made to emphasize the lack of homogeneity of legal solutions presented in national criminal jurisdiction in West Germany and their unacceptable consequences. The second part is devoted to the basic theoretical assumptions of the doctrine of Organisationsherrschaft and its significance for the perception of the boundary between perpetration and participation in German criminal law. The third part briefly presents the contemporary reception of Roxin’s thought, as well as the main points of his criticism, indicating, however, how important it was to effectively prosecute decision-makers from the power apparatus of the Third Reich.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Is a continuation of: Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi ; 1 (1974) – 33 (2011) ; ISSN 0137-1126]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Stanowi kontynuację: Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis. Studia nad Faszyzmem i Zbrodniami Hitlerowskimi ; 1 (1974) – 33 (2011) ; ISSN 0137-1126]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Wrocław]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Machaj, Łukasz]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:contributor><![CDATA[Scheffler, Tomasz]]></dc:contributor>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2021]]></dc:date>
<dc:type xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[text]]></dc:type>
<dc:type xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[tekst]]></dc:type>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 0239-6661]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[ISSN 0137-1126]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.43.4.24]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[http://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/137464/PDF/24_D_Gruszecka_Niemiecka_doktryna_i_judykatura_wobec_problemu_odpowiedzialnosci_karnej_sprawcow_zza_biurek.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication/146849/edition/137464/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl:137464]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:source xml:lang="de"><![CDATA[PAd P 101182 II]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="uk"><![CDATA[PAd P 101182 II]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PAd P 101182 II]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="it"><![CDATA[PAd P 101182 II]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[PAd P 101182 II]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PAd P 101182 II]]></dc:source>
<dc:language><![CDATA[pol]]></dc:language>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[https://wuwr.pl/sfzh/article/view/13844 Czasopisma Naukowe w Sieci (CNS)]]></dc:relation>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis, 0239-6661, No 4078]]></dc:relation>
<dc:rights xml:lang="de"><![CDATA[Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="de"><![CDATA[Copyright by CNS]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="uk"><![CDATA[Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="uk"><![CDATA[Copyright by CNS]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The use of this material is allowed only with accordance of applicable rules of fair use or other exceptions provided by law, and any broader use requires the permission of the authorized entity]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Making materials available on the basis of the agreement with the owner of the property copyrights]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Copyright by CNS]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="it"><![CDATA[Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="it"><![CDATA[Copyright by CNS]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Copyright by CNS]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Korzystanie z tego materiału jest możliwe zgodnie z właściwymi przepisami o dozwolonym użytku lub innych wyjątkach przewidzianych w przepisach prawa, a korzystanie w szerszym zakresie wymaga uzyskania zgody uprawnionego]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Udostępnianie na podstawie umowy z właścicielem majątkowych praw autorskich]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.]]></dc:rights>
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