TY - GEN A1 - Graca, Witold A1 - Spustek, Henryk A2 - Maciejewski, Marek A2 - Antonów, Radosław PB - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego N2 - Czech civilian special services after 1989 were built by former officers of the communist services. In Poland and in the Czech Republic, at least at the beginning of the changes, participation in the services of members of the democratic opposition was symbolic. The officers of the communist services in both countries were gradually removed during subsequent reorganizations in the years 1990–2018. In the Czech Republic they have not been completely removed to this day. The Czech authorities deprived them of financial powers acquired in the service of a totalitarian system. The Polish authorities also deprived former security officers of the privileges acquired in service before systemic changes and additionally those already acquired at work for a democratic state. However, the financial severity of both solutions is incomparable due to differences in pension systems of uniformed services between both countries. L1 - http://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/107145/PDF/07_Graca_W_Spustek_H_Rola_bylych_funkcjonariuszy_komunistycznych_sluzb_specjalnych_w_cywilnym_wywiadzie_i_kontrwywiadzie_Polski_i_Czech_w_latach_1989_2018.pdf CY - Wrocław L2 - http://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/Content/107145 PY - 2019 KW - retirement KW - Polish Security Service KW - Czech civilian special services T1 - Rola byłych funkcjonariuszy komunistycznych służb specjalnych w cywilnym wywiadzie i kontrwywiadzie Polski i Czech w latach 1989– 2018 UR - http://repozytorium.uni.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/107145 ER -