@misc{Radzikowski_Marek_Kontrowersje_2018, author={Radzikowski, Marek}, copyright={Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.}, address={Wrocław}, howpublished={online}, year={2018}, publisher={Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego}, language={pol}, language={eng}, abstract={This article is devoted to the verification of the following seven popular opinions on the foreign currency loans in Poland: (I) banks create money out of nothing; (II) the banks that were granting foreign currency loans did not actually possess the foreign currencies; (III) the banks possessed foreign currencies, but only for the loans denominated in foreign currencies, and not for the ones indexed in them; (IV) the banks that were granting foreign currency loans made a profit on the appreciation of these currencies; (V) a conversion of foreign currency loans at the exchange rate from the day of granting the loan would not entail high costs for the banking sector; (VI) it was unjustified to use the foreign exchange spreads by the banks that were granting the foreign currency loans; (VII) the foreign exchange spreads used by the banks were excessive, which means that the banks obtained an undue profit on them. The author critically evaluates these opinions and on the basis of current economic and financial knowledge, concludes that they are wrong}, title={Kontrowersje w postrzeganiu kredytów w walutach obcych w Polsce i ich weryfikacja w ujęciu ekonomiczno-finansowym}, keywords={foreign currency loans, banks, currency conversion, currency spreads}, }