@misc{Demiańczuk_Andrzej_Songshi_2018, author={Demiańczuk, Andrzej}, copyright={Copyright by Pracownia Badań Praw Orientalnych, Katedra Doktryn Politycznych i Prawnych Wydziału Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego & Authors}, address={Wrocław}, howpublished={online}, year={2018}, publisher={Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego}, language={pol}, language={eng}, abstract={Songshi (litigation masters) were people who assisted others with litigation in imperial China. Their activity was illegal. They wrote plaints for their clients and helped them in negotiations with yamen personnel. The purpose of these article is to characterize litigation masters as a group, to describe main forms of their activity, to indicate sources of significant demand for their services during Ming and Qing times and to try to answer the question about their role in the late imperial China}, type={tekst}, title={Songshi w czasach dynastii Ming i Qing}, keywords={songshi, songgun, Ming, Qing}, }