@misc{Kisała_Justyna_W_2021,
 author={Kisała, Justyna},
 copyright={Copyright by Pracownia Badań Orientalnych, Katedra Doktryn Politycznych i Prawnych Wydziału Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego & Authors, Wrocław 2021},
 address={Wrocław},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 publisher={Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The article focuses on the problem of agunot that is the situation of Jewish women who cannot divorce their husbands because they refuse to give them the divorce letter, which is necessary to obtain a divorce or because their husbands have disappeared. This problem is particularly noticeable in the State of Israel because Israel, as a declared Jewish state, entrusts exclusive jurisdiction over marriages to religious courts. This arrangement excludes the possibility of civil marriage. Jews must therefore submit to the strict halakha rules applied by rabbinical courts when entering into and dissolving a marriage. There is also a big problem with enforcing the verdicts of these courts pronouncing divorce in the absence of the husbands' consent to the handing in of the divorce letter. Then the court can indirectly influence the husbands by applying various penalties, even imprisonment. There is even a special department at rabbinical courts to enforce court decisions. The inequality of the parties in matrimonial matters is undeniable. At the same time, Israel provides a guarantee of fundamental human rights in its legislation and ratified international agreements. In practice, the case law of the Supreme Court, which interprets legal norms, is crucial. The article describes the problems indicated above and also illustrates how the State of Israel helps agunot living abroad.},
 title={W małżeństwie jak w więzieniu? Sytuacja Żydówek uwięzionych w małżeństwie (agunot) w Państwie Izrael},
 type={text},
 doi={10.34616/144523},
 keywords={Agunot, divorce, refusal of divorce, religious marriage, marriage law, Judaism, rabbinical court, Supreme Court of Israel, Jewish law, halakha, Israeli law, Israel},
}