@misc{Rau_Zbigniew_Filozofia_2020,
 author={Rau, Zbigniew},
 copyright={Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego Sp. z o.o.},
 address={Wrocław},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2020},
 publisher={Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The reason of the state, understood as the reason of its existence and expressed by a synthesis of the normative as well as the political, including its normative and empirical, universal and particular, abstract and concrete dimensions, requires a justification through political philosophy. Nevertheless, in the output of the main Western political philosophy body, including the Aristotelian, Marxist, and liberal traditions, the reason of state lacks any such justification. In these traditions, there is no distinction between what characterises all states and what distinguishes each state. They all focus almost exclusively on what is common for all states. Everything that is characteristic of one state in a given tradition is also characteristic of every other state and all states together. This is the case since everything that in one tradition characterises a subject or citizen of a given state, also characterises every other subject or citizen of that state, as well as every other subject or citizen of every other state, and all subjects and citizens of all states. Similarly, everything that in one tradition characterises a given society in agiven state also characterises every other society in every other state, and all societies in all states. Thus, the distinction necessary for the conceptualisation of reason of the state between what characterises all states and what distinguishes specific states in the traditions of political philosophy presented here does not exist.},
 type={text},
 title={Filozofia polityczna a racja stanu. Część 1},
 keywords={reason of state, restrictions on freedom, democracy, politics, normativity, state},
}