@misc{Ciupa_Gracjan_Wybrane_2024,
 author={Ciupa, Gracjan},
 copyright={Copyright by Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego 2024},
 address={Wrocław},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego},
 language={pol},
 abstract={The purpose of this article is to present selected issues of obligations related to virtual currencies in the light of the regulations of the Polish Civil Code – the state de lege lata and de lege ferenda. In his considerations, the author analyzes three institutions, respectively Obligations – general part and Obligations – special part using the dogmatic-legal method of the Act of April 23, 1964. – Civil Code in light of the regulations of specific laws. Starting his considerations with the definition of virtual currency. Following the Polish definition and the international standard, he concludes that the analysis will proceed on one track where possible, and on two tracks where the nature of the legal relationship requires it. In this case, on the one hand, aspects of Polish civil law will be analyzed from the perspective of the so--called cryptocurrencies (e.g., Bitcoin, Cardano, etc.), and on the other hand from the perspective of the so-called coins appearing, for example, in FIFA 23, while meeting the Polish definition of virtual currency. The author considers the following institutions of private law in turn – the principle of freedom of contract, the performance of obligations in foreign currency, the principle of valorization, and contracts of sale, exchange and donation. He concludes that the institutions of the Polish Civil Code need to be amended and modernized in light of technological developments.},
 type={text},
 title={Wybrane zagadnienia zobowiązań związanych z walutami wirtualnymi – stan de lege lata i de lege ferenda},
 doi={https://doi.org/10.34616/150559},
 keywords={virtual currencies, donation, sale, exchange, valorization, freedom of contract},
}