@misc{Szumski_Adrian_Typowanie_2023,
 author={Szumski, Adrian},
 copyright={Copyright by Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2023},
 address={Wrocław},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2023},
 publisher={Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego. Wydawnictwo "Szermierz"  sp. z o.o.},
 language={pol},
 abstract={Anonymous writings are specific examples of writings occurring in investigative practice. They constitute an additional challenge in criminal cases, because of lack of knowledge about their author. Among anonymous writings we identify also ones that contain criminalized threats, being crimes penalized by the Polish Penal Code. Taking into account a danger of realization of threats they include, a quick determination of individuals linked with their delivery (including their author) is extremely important. Operational and investigative activities may be helpful in this area. Discreet nature of such activities, as well as versatility and flexibility, resulting from low degree of formalization, make them highly effective. One should remember however that operational and investigative activities enable only selection of individuals potentially connected with the case, while making specific findings in this scope requires conducting further actions.},
 type={text},
 title={Typowanie autorów anonimów zawierających groźby karalne za pomocą czynności operacyjno-rozpoznawczych},
 doi={https://doi.org/10.19195/978-83-229-3843-0.16},
 keywords={anonymous writing, criminalized threat, author, operational and investigative activities},
}